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Fuel Oil

Fuel oil is a heavy, low quality , used in generating plants and similar applications.

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Fuel Oil

Fuel oil is a heavy, low quality , used in generating plants and similar applications. In the United States and Western Europe, fuel oil is blended or broken down, with the end product being diesel. Fuel oil may be used for heating houses in the former USSR and in countries of the Far East that do not have the facilities to blend or break it down into more conventional petro-chemicals.

FUEL OIL (180 CST)

Characteristic	Value
Viscosity kinematic @ 50 ° C (max)	180
Pour point (max) ° C	5
Flash point (min) ° C	63
SulphurTotal (max)%mass	3
Carbon Residue Conradson (max)%mass	13
Ash (max) %mass	0.05
Water & sediment (max) % vol	0.5
Colorific value higher (min) MJ/kg	42.2

FUEL OIL (230 CST)

Characteristic	Value
Viscosity kinematic @ 50 ° C (max)	230
Pour point (max) ° C	15
Flash point (min) ° C	63
SulphurTotal (max)%mass	3
Carbon Residue Conradson (max)%mass	13
Ash (max) %mass	0.05
Water & sediment (max) % vol	0.5
Colorific value higher (min) MJ/kg	42.2

FUEL OIL (280 CST)

TEST	UNIT	SPECIFICATION	TEST METHOD
Density @15 DC	KG/M3	MAX 970	D-1298
Kinematic Viscosity@50 DC	CST	MAX 280	D-445
Visco. Redwoodl@37.7 DC	SECS.	MAX 2500	Calculated
Pour Point	DC	MAX 24	D-97
Flash Points	DC	MIN 65	D-93
Sulphur Total	wt%	MAX 3.5	D-1552
Carbon Residue(conradson)	wt%	MAX 15	D-189
ASH	wt%	MAX 0.05	D-482
Water and Sediment	Vol %	MAX 0.5	D-1796
Calorific Value (higher)	MJ/KG	MiN 41.8	Calculated

FUEL OIL (380 CST)

TEST	UNIT	SPECIFICATION	TEST METHOD
Density @15 DC	KG/M3	MAX 990	D-1298
Kinematic Viscosity@50 DC	CST	MAX 380	D-445
Pour Point	DC	MAX 32	D-97
Flash Points	DC	MIN 65	D-93
Sulphur Total	wt%	MAX 3.5	D-1552
Carbon Residue(conradson)	wt%	MAX 15	D-189
ASH	wt%	MAX 0.15	D-482
Water and Sediment	Vol %	MAX 1.5	D-1796
Calorific Value (higher)	MJ/KG	MiN 41.7	Calculated

Diesel

Refined from crude oil, diesel fuel is what we call the distillate fuel oil used in some internal combustion engines.

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Diesel

Refined from crude oil, diesel fuel is what we call the distillate fuel oil used in some internal combustion engines. In today’s global economy, diesel fuel is used in most heavy equipment applications including tractor trailers, delivery trucks, construction equipment, and buses. Diesel is also used in some pedestrian vehicles such as cars and light trucks. "Diesel fuel, also called diesel oil, heavy oil (historically) or simply diesel, is any liquid fuel specifically designed for use in a diesel engine, a type of internal combustion engine in which fuel ignition takes place without a spark as a result of compression of the inlet air and then injection of fuel. Therefore, diesel fuel needs good compression ignition characteristics. In many countries, diesel fuel is standardized. For example, in the European Union, the standard for diesel fuel is EN 590. Ultra-low-sulfur diesel (ULSD) is a diesel fuel with substantially lowered sulfur contents. As of 2016, almost all of the petroleum-based diesel fuel available in the United Kingdom, mainland Europe, and North America is of a ULSD type. Before diesel fuel had been standardized, the majority of diesel engines typically ran on cheap fuel oils. These fuel oils are still used in watercraft diesel engines. Despite being specifically designed for diesel engines, diesel fuel can also be used as fuel for several non-diesel engines .

Diesel Specification Parameter	Units	Limits	Test Method
Cetane Number	-	51.0 minimum	EN ISO 5165
Cetane Index	-	46,0 minimum	EN ISO 4264
Density at 15°C	Kg/m³	820 minimum to 845 maximum	EN ISO 3675 EN ISO 12185
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons	% (m/m)	11 maximum	EN 12916
Sulfur Content	mg / kg	50.0 maximum 10.0 maximum	EN ISO 20846 EN ISO 20847 EN ISO 20884
Flash Point	°C	> 55	EN ISO 2719
Carbon Residue ( on 10% Dist. Residue )	% (m/m)	0.30 maximum	EN ISO 10370
Ash Content	% (m/m)	0.01 maximum	EN ISO 6245
Water Content	mg / kg	200 maximum	EN ISO 12937
Total Contamination	mg / kg	24 maximum	EN 12662
Copper Strip Corrosion ( 3Hours at 50 °C)	-	class 1	EN ISO 2160
Oxidation Stability	g/m³	25 maximum	EN ISO 12205
Lubricity, WSD at 60 °C	um	460 maximum	EN ISO 12156-1
Viscosity at 40 °C	mm² / sec	2.00 minimum to 4.50 maximum	EN ISO 3104
Distillation Vol. Recovered at : 250 °C 350 °C 95% Point	% (V/V) % (V/V) °C	< 65 85 minimum 360 maximum	EN ISO 3450
Fatty Acid Methyl Esters ( FAME ) Content	% V/V	5 maximum	EN ISO 14078

Naphtha

Naphtha is a highly versatile commodity. It is a feedstock for the petrochemical industry.

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Naphtha

Naphtha is a highly versatile commodity. It is a feedstock for the petrochemical industry. It is used for blending into gasoline. It’s also widely used as a diluent. We source, trade and transport naphtha and condensates for use mainly by the petrochemical industry. Refineries are the main naphtha suppliers. Most of the traded market in naphtha comes from less integrated refineries. The more integrated refineries both produce naphtha and use it as a feedstock for petrochemical and gasoline uses. Geographically the Middle East is by far the biggest source. The Mediterranean, India, Africa and South America are also net suppliers. The major consuming countries usually have substantial petrochemical interests.

Parameter	Analysis Result
Parameter	Unit	Value
Reid Vapour Pressure	kPa	44.5
Density	kg/L	0.7248
Paraffins	% vol	60.92
Olefins	% vol	1.02
Naphthenes	% vol	25.97
Aromatics	% vol	12.09
TBP Distillation Curve	-	-
Initial Boiling Point	°C	34.1
30 vol - %	°C	84.4
50 vol - %	°C	105.1
70 vol - %	°C	125.8
Final Boiling Point	°C	166.1
Sulfur	ppm wt	298.5

BITUMEN

Bitumen is a black solid or a viscous liquid derived from crude oil.

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Bitumen

Bitumen is a black solid or a viscous liquid derived from crude oil. More than 85% of the world’s bitumen production is used for road construction, 10% is used in other constructions and 5% is used in a variety of other industries, including insulation.

Bitumen Penetration Grade 50/70 Specifications

Specification	Test Method	Unit	Min.	Max.
Penetration at 25 °C, 100g, 5s	EN 1426	0.1mm	50	70
Softening Point	EN 1427	°C	46	54
Kinematic Viscosity@135 °C	EN 12595	CST	295	–
Penetration Index	EN12591	mm	-1.5	+ 0.7
Flash Point	EN 2592	°C	230	–
Solubility in Toluene or Xylene	EN 12592	wt.%	99	–
Spot Test	AASHTO T102	Negative

Bitumen Penetration Grade 60/70 Specifications

Specification	Test Method	Unit	Min.	Max.
Specific Gravity at 25 °C	ASTM D70	–	1.01	1.06
Penetration at 25 °C, 100g, 5s	ASTM D5	0.1mm	60	70
Softening Point	ASTM D36	°C	49	56
Ductility at 25 °C	ASTM D113	cm	100	–
Loss on Heating	ASTM D6	wt.%	–	0.2
Drop in Penetration after Heating	ASTM D5	%	–	20
Flash Point	ASTM D92	°C	250	–
Solubility in Trichloroethylene	ASTM D2042	wt.%	99	–
Spot Test	AASHTO T102	Negative

Bitumen Penetration Grade 80/100 Specifications

Specification	Test Method	Unit	Min.	Max.
Specific Gravity at 25 °C	ASTM D70	–	1.01	1.05
Penetration at 25 °C, 100g, 5s	ASTM D5	0.1mm	80	100
Softening Point	ASTM D36	°C	42	52
Ductility at 25 °C	ASTM D113	cm	100	–
Loss on Heating	ASTM D6	wt.%	–	0.5
Flash Point	ASTM D92	°C	225	–
Solubility in Trichloroethylene	ASTM D2042	wt.%	99	–
Spot Test	AASHTO T102	Negative

Bitumen Penetration Grade 100/120 Specifications

Specification	Test Method	Unit	Min.	Max.
Specific Gravity at 25 °C	ASTM D70	–	1.01	1.04
Penetration at 25 °C, 100g, 5s	ASTM D5	0.1mm	100	120
Softening Point	ASTM D36	°C	42	49
Ductility at 25 °C	ASTM D113	cm	100	–
Loss on Heating	ASTM D6	wt.%	–	0.2
Flash Point	ASTM D92	°C	–	250
Solubility in Trichloroethylene	ASTM D2042	wt.%	–	99.5
Spot Test	AASHTO T102	Negative

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